The kineticmolecular theory of gases angelo state university. Before you begin your studies of kinetic molecular theory, you need to know what the word means. Ideal gases the kinetic molecular theory accounts for the behavior of atoms and molecules based on the idea that all particles of matter are always in motion. States of matter kinetic theory of gases, kinetic energy, kelvin, pressure, particle motionthis lesson plan includes two 50minute lessons on the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Pressure is force exerted per unit of area by gas molecules as they strike. Both huang and kardar treat kinetic theory and the boltzmann equation. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Concentrations of reactants as the concentration of reactants increases. A law is a summary of observations, and a theory is an explanation of those observations. Bradley kinetic theory of gases supplementary lecture notes for ep271 michael patrick bradley please note that the calculation of pressure in terms of atomicmolecular mean. Based on the kinetic molecular theory, predict what will happen to the pressure of a gas in a. The microscopic theory of gas behavior based on molecular motion is called the kinetic theory of gases.
Gas molecules are constantly moving very, very fast and their direction is completely random. Kinetic theory notes for class 11 chapter download pdf. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The word kinetic comes from a greek word that means to move. A sample of gas molecules has a distribution of speeds and kinetic energies i.
Effusion, molecules moving at a high rate of speed will eventually collide with a hole and escape. Deviation from ideal behavior kinetic molecular theory of gases o describes motion of gas particles for ideal gases. Physics notes class 11 chapter kinetic theory assumptions of kinetic theory of gases 1. Kinetic molecular theory notes 6 postulates of kmt. Kinetic molecular theory kmt the idea that particles of matter are always in motion and that this motion has consequences. Kinetic molecular theory can be used to explain both charles and boyles laws. Developed during the mid19th century by several physicists, including the austrian ludwig boltzmann 18441906, the german rudolf clausius 18221888, and.
Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart relative to their size. Molecules of gases are far apart and move independently of one another 3. Gas laws notes key 201516 loudoun county public schools. The molecules of a gas are identical spherical, rigid and perfectly elastic. The kinetic molecular theory the basic assumptions of kinetic molecular theory are. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. A gas consists of particles moving at random in a volume that is primarily empty space. Matter is made up of tiny, basic units of structure called atoms 2. Maxwellboltzmann speed distribution the distibution attained when molecule speed is set against the number of molecules sharing that speed. This theory is called the kinetic molecular theory. Kinetic theory and states of matter kinetic molecular theory kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion. This notes sheet comes with an a version that has blanks for stu. These are the notes for my lectures on kinetic theory and statistical physics. The average kinetic energy of the molecules of any gas depends on.
This statement implies that all molecules have the same kinetic energy at a given temperature, regardless of their mass. Pressure is caused by gas molecules colliding with a surface, such as the walls of the container. Feb 10, 2010 7 the kinetic molecular theory primary describes gases this theory contains five basic statements about gases molecules and helps us to better understand the behavior of gases 8. The kinetic molecular theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess.
This theory is based on three theories about matter. The molecules of a given gas are all identical but are different from those of another gas. Kinetic molecular theory notes before you begin your studies of kinetic molecular theory, you need to know what the word means. Two scientists, boltzman and maxwell working in separate countries each proposed a model to explain the physical properties of gases. May 14, 2020 class 8 icse kinetic theory of matter class 8 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 8. Allowing for a definite volume but taking the shape of its container. Class 8 icse kinetic theory of matter class 8 notes edurev. Kinetic theory assumptions of kinetic theory of gases. A gas particle travels in continuous straightline motion until they collide with another gas particle or with the wall of the container. Thermal physics simple kinetic molecular model of matter e.
Size motion energy of gas particles kinetic molecular theory part 1 1. The kinetic molecular theory of gases describes this state of matter as composed of tiny particles in constant motion with a lot of distance between the particles. The molecules of an ideal gas an ideal gas is a gas that follows the assumptions of kinetic molecular theory are in constant, random, straightline motion. Ppt kinetic theory of gases powerpoint presentation free. The kineticmolecular theory the basic assumptions of kineticmolecular theory are. Students will observe the motion of molecules with changes in temperature. Postulate 1 zgases consist of discrete molecules that are relatively far apart. Table \\pageindex1\ postulates of the kinetic theory of gases. The theory posits that gas pressure results from particles collisions with the walls of a container at different velocities. The kineticmolecular theory accounts for the behavior of atoms and molecules based on the idea that all particles of matter are always in motion. Kinetic molecular theory intermolecular force chemical. Here is the expression we derived from the kinetic theory. The model describes a gas as a large number of identical submicroscopic particles atoms or molecules, all of which are in constant, rapid, random motion. Thus the kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a molecular.
The temperature of a gas is a measure of its average k. The kineticmolecular theory kmt is a theory of ideal gases. The molecular model uses this idea that all materials are made up of atoms that behave rather like tiny spheres. From the kinetic theory, it is known that the pressure exerted by gas molecules on the walls of the container depends on. In addition, the temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules. Here is your free content for your lesson on the kinetic molecular theory and properties of matter. Atoms are neither divided, created, nor destroyed during a physical or chemical change. Lecture 14 ideal gas law and terms of the motion of molecules. The molecular theory contains five general postulates a thing suggested or assumed as true as the basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief.
And this kinetic theory makes a prediction for what those velocities ought to be. Every gas consists of extremely small particles known as molecules. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is directly proportional to absolute temperature only. The individual gas laws give us a set of mathematical tools to help predict the behavior of gases under specific conditions of pressure, temperature, volume and number of moles of gas. The kinetic molecular theory of gases a theory that describes, on the molecular level, why ideal gases behave the way they do. Describe the kinetic theory particularly as it relates to gases. The large cylindrical objects note the human for scale are socalled. The molecular theory shows how individual particles interact with one another. Kinetic theory of gases explains the macroscopic properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion. Kinetic molecular theory of gases introductory chemistry 1st. Pdf development of the kinetic molecular theory of gases concept. Demonstrate the relationship between kinetic energy and molecular speed. Organizer kinetic molecular theory kmt and the behavior of gases three assumptions of kinetic molecular theory.
The kinetic theory of gases is a historically significant, but simple, model of the thermodynamic behavior of gases, with which many principal concepts of thermodynamics were established. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic and. The kinetic molecular theory explains the gas laws by examining the behavior of a gas at the molecular level. However that does not mean you can use this packet as your main notes and write notes in the margins to supplement your learning. Changes in matter involve the rearrangement andor reorganization of.
Most of the volume which a gas occupies is empty space. Kinetic molecular theory describes motion of gas particles assumptions moleculesatoms of a gas are small compared to the distances between them negligible particle volume moleculesatoms are in constant, rapid, random motion and collide with each other elastically constant kinetic energy moleculesatoms neither attract nor repel each other. This chapter gives an introduction to kinetic theory. Other recommended titles petersons master ap calculus petersons master ap u. Lectures on kinetic theory of gases and statistical physics. At a given temperature, all gaseous particles have the same average kinetic energy but not the same average speed. Increasing temperature means the molecules move faster. Kinetic molecular theory states that gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit perfectly elastic collisions. Kinetic theory of gases university of saskatchewan.
The kinetic molecular theory is based upon the assumption that particles of matter atoms or. Lecture 14 ideal gas law and terms of the motion of. Development of the kinetic molecular theory of gases concept. The kinetic molecular theory is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion.
When two chemicals react, their molecules have to collide with each other in a particular orientation with sufficient energy for the reaction to take place. Please take into account that this entire thing was written over the course of. The molecules of a gas are identical spherical, rigid and perfectly elastic point masses. Kinetic molecular theory kmt the idea that particles of matter are always in motion. Chem 1035 chapter 5 1 of 36 chapter 5 gases and the kineticmolecular theory three phases of matter. However, in the next version of the concept inventory. Particles of a gas are small compared to the distances between them negligible volume particles are in constant, rapid, random motion and. Liquids the molecules are so close together that there is little empty space. Chem 1035 chapter 5 1 of 36 chapter 5 gases and the kinetic molecular theory three phases of matter. Kinetic molecular theory kmt is guided by the following assumptions. Developed during the mid19th century by several physicists, including the austrian ludwig boltzmann 18441906, the german rudolf clausius 18221888, and the englishman james clerk.
Ppt kinetic theory of gases powerpoint presentation. The pdf that i have introduced was in 1d, describing particle velocities in one direction. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Molecules of gases are in continual motion in straight lines 2. Describe what is meant by pressure as it relates to gases. Because most of the volume occupied by a gas is empty space, a gas has a low density and can expand or contract under the appropriate influence. Lets start by considering n molecules in a gas of volume v. Kinetic molecular theory of gases introductory chemistry. This document is highly rated by class 8 students and has been viewed 3790 times. Theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. Kinetic molecular theory a theory that models the interaction between individual gas molecules. Kinetic theories and states of matter eled 303 earth and physical science for elementary teachers kinetic theory and states of matter kinetic molecular theory kinetic energy is energy that an object has because of its motion.